用英语介绍少林寺的塔林，达摩洞和菩提达摩

，位于河南省 登封县 少林寺西约250米，为历代和尚的墓地，占地约21000多平方米。有唐以来历代古塔230余座，是国内最大的，有砖、石和砖石混合结构的各类墓塔。其中，唐塔2座、宋塔2座。金塔10座、元塔46座、明塔148座，余为清塔或时代不详者。有单层单檐塔、单层、印度塔和各式等。有正方形、长方形、六角形、形、圆形等，式样繁多，造型各异，是综合研究我国古代砖石建筑和雕刻艺术的宝库。　　少林寺是少林寺历代和尚的坟墓，佛教界有名望。有地位的和尚死后，把他们的骨灰或尸骨放入地宫，上面造塔，以示功德。塔的高低、大小和层数的多少，主要根据和尚们生前对佛学造诣的深浅、威望高低、功德大小来决定的。少林寺塔林现有232座塔，占地面积l.4万多平方米。历经唐、宋、金、元、明、清不同年代，是**现存面积最大、数量最多、价值最高的一个古塔 建筑群。塔的层数不同，一般为一至七级，高度约在l5米以下，造型有四方形、六角形、形；有柱体、椎体；有直线形、抛物线形；有瓶体、.喇叭形。种类繁多，形态奇妍，这些塔是各历史时期的代表作，是综合研究我国古代建筑、书法、雕刻艺术的宝库。　　少林寺塔林现存除一个唐朝的普通塔，一个宋朝普通塔和一个年代不详的普通塔外，其祭的全部都是个人塔。　　其中唐“法玩禅师塔”是塔林中最古老的一座砖塔，坐落在塔林西北部，建于唐贞元七年（791年），系方形单层单檐式砖塔，高8米。除塔门、塔刹和塔铭用青石雕，通体皆用水磨砖砌造而成，塔门用高浮雕的手法，装饰着飞天、嫔伽等古典图案。　　元“照公和尚塔”在塔林中部，建于元至元五年（1339年）。这是一座单层密檐式砖塔，叠檐五重，造型秀丽，塔背面有石铭一方，铭文为日本国僧人邵元撰文并书丹。　　塔林是一座宏伟的建筑群，既是研究我国建筑史、艺术史和宗教史的珍贵宝藏，又是国内外参观旅游者的游览胜地。　　shaolin temple tallin tallin, located at the henan province dengfeng county shaolin temple west the approximately 250 meters, ** all previous dynasties buddh**t priest's tomb, the occupying land area the approximately more than 21000 square meters. since has had tang all previous dynasties ancient tower 230, ** the home biggest tallin, has the brick, stone and the bricks and composite structure each kind of gr**e tower. and, tang tower 2, song tower 2. chinta 10, yuan tower 46, bright tower 148, yu weiqing tower or time being unclear. has monolayer shan yanta, the single-layer dense e**e tower, india 窣 to stop up the slope tower and various types ** the tower and so on. has the square, the rectangle, six angular, eight angular, the circular and so on, the model ** many, the different models, was synthetic study our country ancient times the bricks and construction and the carving art treasure house.　　the shaolin temple tallin ** the shaolin temple all previous dynasties buddh**t priest's gr**e, the buddh**m has the fame. after h**ing status buddh**t priest died, theirs bone or the skeleton puts in the mausoleum chamber, above makes the tower, shows the merit. the tower height, the size and layer how many, mainly according to buddh**t priests before death to the buddh**t studies attainments' depth, the prestigious height, the merit size decides. the shaolin temple tallin has 232 towers, area l more than 0.4 square meters. after tang, song, gold, yuan, bright, clear different age, ** the chinese extant area ** biggest, quantity to be most, a value highest ancient tower architectural complex. the tower layer ** different, generally ** one to seven levels, highly approximately below the l5 rice, the modelling has four square shapes, the hexagon, the octagon; has the barrel, the centrum; has the rectiunear figure, the parabolic; has a bottle of body. horn. great variety, shape wonderful beautiful, these towers are various h**torical period representative works, was synthetic study our country the ancient architecture, the calligraphy, the carving art treasure house.　　shaolin temple tallin extant except a tang dynasty's ordinary tower, a song dynasty ordinary tower and an age are unclear outside the ordinary tower, its sacrifice ** individual tower completely. tang “the law plays the zen master tower” ** in tallin a most ancient brick cup tower, ** situated northeast tallin, constructs in tang zhenyuan seven years (791 years), ** square shape monolayer shan yanshi the brick tower, the height 8 meters. besides the pyller, the tower check with the tower inscription become with the blue stone carving, all uses the levigation brickwork to make all over the body becomes, the pyller with the high relief technique, ** decorating the flying apsaras, the imperial concubine and so on classical design. the yuan “according to male buddh**t priest the tower” middle tallin, constructed at yuan zhiyuan five years (in 1339). th** ** a single-layer dense e**e type brick tower, folds the e**e five he**ily, the modelling ** beautiful, at the back of the tower has shi ming a side, the engr**ed inscription writes and book for japanese buddh**t priest shao yuan. the tallin ** a grand architectural complex, since studies our country h**tory of architecture, the art h**tory and the ecclesiastical h**tory precious buried treasure, ** also the domestic and foreign v**it tour**t's tour**t attraction.　　位于河南省 登封县 少林寺西北约2公里五**下的阜丘上.建筑物仅存一座大殿，两间小亭和一所重修的千佛阁。　　大殿建于宋 宣和七年（1125年），深广各三间，是河南现存最古的木结构建筑。这所小寺院是达摩的后裔为了纪念达摩而修建的。大殿门口的砖雕对联刻着“在西天二十八祖，过东土初开少林”简明地说出了达摩的身世和来历。整个殿房施石柱16根,殿内的4根金柱浮雕握柞执鞭气度恢宏的武士，活泼的游龙，潇洒的舞凤，飘然欲生的飞天，庞大浑圆的盘龙等，这些浮雕刚柔融合惹人注目.12根檐柱除4根为素面外,其余8根也饰有浮雕，画面有莲、菊、卷草、飞天、坐佛、莲花化生、凤戏牡丹、孔雀穿花以及群鹤闹莲等。精细生动 清秀 美丽。神台须 弥座和殿 墙的 石护脚上面雕 有卷草、猛狮、武士、骑鹿、麒麟、水兽、马、羊、以及飞舞翻腾吞云吐雾的翔龙和惟妙惟肖的山水人物等。　　在五**离绝顶数十米的地方，有一深约5米，宽约3米的天然石洞，这就是达摩面壁九年处，人称"达摩洞"。相传达摩到少林寺后曾在此洞内面壁九年，由于年深日久，身影投于洞内石上，竟留下了一个面壁姿态的形象，衣褶皱纹隐约可见，宛如一幅淡色的水墨，人们把这块石头称为"达摩面壁影石"。后寺僧唯恐影石有失，将影石凿下放入少林寺。洞前现存有明代万历年间石坊一座、明代苏民望题七绝诗一首，洞内还有达摩、慧可石雕像等。　　dharma hole located at the henan province dengfeng county shaolin temple northwest under on approximately 2 kilometer five woman's protruding breasts fu earthen mounds. the building only s**es a main hall, two between cabins and repair thousand buddha chinese style p**ilions. the main hall constructed at song xuan and seven years (in 1125), deep and broad each three, were the henan extant most ancient wood construction constructions. th** small temple ** the dharma descendant constructs for the commemoration dharma. the main hall entrance's brick carving antithetical couplet ** engr**ing “in the western parad**e 28 ancestors, east the earth has inaugurated shaolin” to say the dharma life experience and the origin conc**ely. the entire palace room executes octagonal stone column 16, in the palace 4 golden column relief grasps the oak to hold the whip the bearing broad warrior, lively you long, the natural dance phoenix, floating wants the fresh flying apsaras, the huge perfectly round p'anlung sc gd and so on, these relief hard and soft fusion attracts attention .12 e**e columns besides 4 for the solid colored, other 8 also decorated with reliefs, the picture has the lotus, the chrysanthemum, the volume grass, the flying apsaras, to sit buddha, the lotus flower metaplasia, the phoenix play peony, the peacock to put on the flower as well as the group crane no**y lotus and so on. fine vivid delicate beautiful. the spirit table xumi place and above the palace wall's stone banket the vulture has the volume grass, the fierce lion, the warrior, to ride the deer, the unicorn, the marine animals, the horse, the sheep, as well as dances in the air the tuck dive to smoke like a chimney flies in circles the dragon and the lifelike scenery character and so on.　　in five woman's protruding breasts to extremely dozens of meter places, some depth approximately 5 meters, wide approximately 3 meter natural pit holes, th** ** the dharma faces the wall for nine years place, person " dharma hole ". hands down the dharma after shaolin temple once faced the wall in th** hole for nine years, as a result of for a long time, the form throws in the hole on the stone, left behind one to face the wall unexpectedly the posture image, the clothes pleat wrinkle v**ibles faintly, just like light color shui mo, the people were called th** stone " the dharma to face the wall the shade stone ". for fear that the latter temple monk shade shi youshi, releases into the shade stone ch**el shaolin temple. before the hole, extant has the ming dynasty wanli memorial archway made of stone, ming dynasty su minwang topic seven line ju poem, in the hole also has the dharma, brightly to be possible the stone carving likely and so on.　　达摩，全称菩提达摩，南天竺人，婆罗门种姓，自称佛传禅宗第二十八祖。**禅宗的始祖，故**的禅宗又称达摩宗。南朝梁武帝时航海到广州。梁武帝信佛。达摩至南朝都城建业会梁武帝，面谈不契，遂一苇渡江，北上北魏都城洛阳，后卓锡嵩山少林寺，面壁九年，传衣钵于慧可。后出禹门游化终身。东魏天平三年（公元536年）卒于洛滨，葬熊耳山。　　dharma hole located at the henan province dengfeng county shaolin temple northwest under on approximately 2 kilometer five woman's protruding breasts fu earthen mounds. the building only s**es a main hall, two between cabins and repair thousand buddha chinese style p**ilions. the main hall constructed at song xuan and seven years (in 1125), deep and broad each three, were the henan extant most ancient wood construction constructions. th** small temple ** the dharma descendant constructs for the commemoration dharma. the main hall entrance's brick carving antithetical couplet ** engr**ing “in the western parad**e 28 ancestors, east the earth has inaugurated shaolin” to say the dharma life experience and the origin conc**ely. the entire palace room executes octagonal stone column 16, in the palace 4 golden column relief grasps the oak to hold the whip the bearing broad warrior, lively you long, the natural dance phoenix, floating wants the fresh flying apsaras, the huge perfectly round p'anlung sc gd and so on, these relief hard and soft fusion attracts attention .12 e**e columns besides 4 for the solid colored, other 8 also decorated with reliefs, the picture has the lotus, the chrysanthemum, the volume grass, the flying apsaras, to sit buddha, the lotus flower metaplasia, the phoenix play peony, the peacock to put on the flower as well as the group crane no**y lotus and so on. fine vivid delicate beautiful. the spirit table xumi place and above the palace wall's stone banket the vulture has the volume grass, the fierce lion, the warrior, to ride the deer, the unicorn, the marine animals, the horse, the sheep, as well as dances in the air the tuck dive to smoke like a chimney flies in circles the dragon and the lifelike scenery character and so on.　　in five woman's protruding breasts to extremely dozens of meter places, some depth approximately 5 meters, wide approximately 3 meter natural pit holes, th** ** the dharma faces the wall for nine years place, person " dharma hole ". hands down the dharma after shaolin temple once faced the wall in th** hole for nine years, as a result of for a long time, the form throws in the hole on the stone, left behind one to face the wall unexpectedly the posture image, the clothes pleat wrinkle v**ibles faintly, just like light color shui mo, the people were called th** stone " the dharma to face the wall the shade stone ". for fear that the latter temple monk shade shi youshi, releases into the shade stone ch**el shaolin temple. before the hole, extant has the ming dynasty wanli memorial archway made of stone, ming dynasty su minwang topic seven line ju poem, in the hole also has the dharma, brightly to be possible the stone carving likely and so on. 20210311