状语可以做表语吗？表语可以做宾语吗？状语可以做宾语吗？能不能举点例子

英语的句子成分有：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补足语，表语。这些成分各有各的作用，是不可以混淆的。除了表语。其他成分，现代汉语也有。宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句,所以一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语.英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。说明，除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外，某些形容词如worth,careful等后也可有宾语。宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为"双宾语"。my parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语，computer是直接宾语)she ** playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。（名词作宾语）we all like him.（代词作宾语）give me four.(数词作宾语)we all like to go to school.（不定式to go to school作like的宾语。school作to的宾 语）we all like swimming.（动名词作宾语）i think he ** right.（宾语从句作宾语）he asked me what i was thinking about at that moment. (me作asked的宾语，[he asked me] 由what疑问代词引导的宾语从句作宾语)the book ** worth reading.( 形容词worth可有宾语)补充现代汉语词典解释：宾语是动词的一种连带成分，一般在动词后边，用来回答“谁？”或“什么？”例如“我找厂长”的“厂长”，“他开拖拉机”的“拖拉机”，“接受批评”的“批评”，“他说他不知道”的“他不知道”。有时候一个动词可以带两个宾语，如“教我们化学”的“我们”和“化学”。表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。一. 名词作表语africa ** a big continent.非洲是个大洲。that remains ** a puzzle to me.这对我还是个难题。二. 代词作表语what’s your fax number?你的传真号是多少？who's your best friend?你最好的朋友是谁？三. 形容词作表语 i f eel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。四. 数词作表语she was the first to learn about it.她是第一个知道的人。五. 不定式或ing形式作表语her job ** selling computers.她的工作是销售电脑。our next step was to get raw materials ready我们下一步是把原料准备好。六. 介词短语作表语the patient ** out of danger.病人脱险了。i don’t feel at ease.我感到不自在。七. 副词作表语the sun ** up.太阳升起来了。i must be off now.现在我得走了。八. 从句作表语th** ** what he said.这就是他所说的话。不定式作表语作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词： i hope, idea, job, plan, w**h, aim, purpose, thing, businessthe purpose of new technologies ** to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁琐。her w**h ** to become a singer.她的愿望是当一名歌手。our plan ** to fin**h the work in two weeks.我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。what the police want to know ** when you entered the room.**想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。the trouble ** that we are short of funds.困难是我们缺乏资金。th** ** what we should do.这是我们应当做的。that's why i want you to work there.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。h** first question was whether mr. smith had arrived yet.他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。she seems as if she had done a great thing.她看起来好像做了一件大事。it ** because you eat too much.那是因为你吃得太多了。ing形式作表语ing形式作表语表示泛指意义的动作，不定式作表语表示一次性的动作。my hobby ** growing flowers.我的爱好是种花。my f**ourite sport ** playing tenn**.我喜爱的运动是打网球。比较：what i am going to do ** to play tenn** th** afternoon.我今天下午要做的事是打网球。ing形式作表语：注意事项在句型"主 + 系 + 表"中，若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时，主语和表语要取得一致。如：主语是ing形式表语也应是ing形式，主语是不定式时表语也应是不定式。seeing ** believing. to see ** to believe.眼见为实。(误) seeing ** to believe.ing形式作定语ing形式可以作名词的前置定语，ing形式短语作后置定语。ing形式作前置定语a swimming poola teaching method ing形式短语作后置定语do you know the man standing at the entrance?你认识站在入口处的那个人吗？there were a lot of people boating on the lake.湖上有许多正在划船的人。虚拟语气：表语从句主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。my suggestion ** that we (should) go and help him.我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。our only request ** that th** should be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。英语中的定语充当定语的有：主要由形容词担任。此外，名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。形容词作定语： the little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。tom ** a handsome boy./tom是个英俊的男孩。there ** a good boy./有个乖男孩。数词作定语相当于形容词：two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。the two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。there are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语：h** boy needs tom's pen./他的男孩需要tom的钢笔。h** name ** tom./他的名字是汤姆。there are two boys of tom's there./那儿有tom家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语：the boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。the boy in blue ** tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。there are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语： the boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。it ** a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。there ** only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语：the boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。the best boy here ** tom./这里最棒的男孩是tom。不定式作定语：the boy to write th** letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。the boy to write th** letter ** tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。there ** nothing to do today./今天没有事要做。分词（短语）作定语：the smiling boy needs a pen bought by h** mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。the pen bought by her ** made in china./她买的笔是**产的。there are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。定语从句：the boy who ** reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。the boy you will know ** tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。there are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。1）定语前置在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：1限定词 2 外观 3形状 4年龄 5颜色 6国籍 7材料 8用途a famous american university.an interesting little red french oil painting.a new plastic bucket.a purple velvet curtainsan elegant german clock另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序:1) 描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ;2) 表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inqu**itive brown dog ;3) little ,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之前,例如:a lovely little girl4) 表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如:a young ambitious man (强调年龄) ,an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃) 。当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得累赘,因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现.2）定语后置（1）短语作定语一般后置it was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。he g**e me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。engl**h ** a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。the boys hardest to teach are all in h** class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。（2）修饰some，any，no，every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置let’s go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。there ** nothing important in today's news**. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。do you h**e anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗?（3）副词作定语the people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。they lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。（4）动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语he ** a person dependable. 他是一个可以依靠的人th** ** the only transportation means **ailable. 这是唯一可行的交通工具。（5）起强调用的单个分词everybody involved should stay here.the college mentioned.（6）特殊词could you tell me something imporpant.3. 定语从句英语里有大量的定语从句,而汉语里却没有定语从句的说法。英语中定语从句中甚至还可能包含定语从句,即多重定语从句。如： a healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. (健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养)1）英语的复合句中,分句以其主句为基干,通过连接手段,一层一层地展开,就好像一棵树的树干上长出大枝子,大枝子上再长出小枝子。汉语的分句则更多按照时间发生的顺序出现,依次展开。如： “伟大领袖和导师**领导****党进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,建立了新**,人民得到了解放,科学得到了解放。”这句话,译成英语便成了with the founding of new china (which was) born of arduous struggles (which were) waged by the chinese commun**t party (which was) under the leadership of our great leader and teacher chairman mao , our people , and science as well , won emancipation.（王良兰，2003）2）英语中的非限制性定语从句所表达的信息,在汉语里一般由另一个小句来表达。用非限制性定语从句时，前应加逗号，并且非限制性定语从句引导词只能用which，不能用that。例如:she asked for h** help which he gladly g**e. 她要求他帮忙,他愉快地帮助了她。再如: it was a century during which the country suffered continuously from wars.一个世纪过去了,在这期间这个**不断遭受战乱之苦。英语状语英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。1.副词一般在句子中做状语．he speaks engl**h very well. 他英语说得非常好.he ** playing under the tree.中的under the tree(地点状语)2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。i come specially to see you.我专门来看你.3.介词短语ten years ago, she began to live in dalian.the boy was pra**ed for h** br**ery.4.从句作状语when she was 12 years old, she began to live in dalian.if i am not busy tomorrow, i will play football with you.5.分词作状语h**ing had a quarrel with h** wife, he left home in a bad temper。inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the m**s**sippi ** about to take another.一、时间状语从句要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.when当******的时候mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。2.while当。。。时he v**ited a lot of places while he was tr**eling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在。。。的同时；一边。。。一边。。。he smiled as he stood up他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after在。。。之后he left the classroom after he had fin**hed h** homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在。。。之前mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。we began to work as soon as we got there我们一到那就开始工作。i will write to you as soon as i get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since 自。。。以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago.自格林先生来**以来，他就在这所学校教书。(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。they walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。xiao ming didn’t le**e home till / until h** father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。9. by the time 到。。。为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)by the time he gets there , h** father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。by the time i got to school, the class had already began.我到校时，已经开始上课了。一 地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，要点: 由连词where和复合关系词wherever (=no matter where )引导例如句型1：where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如：where there ** no rain, farming ** difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。they were good persons. where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。you should h**e put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。where the commun**t party of china goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了****党，哪里人民得解放。句型2：anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：wherever the sea ** , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。 20210311